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| Annie Burton | ||
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| Mary Ann Cary (1823-1893) | ||
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Picture credit: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAWcary.htm
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| Maria Weston Chapman (1806-1885) | ||
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A founder of the Boston Anti-Slavery Society in 1832, she was one of three women elected to the executive committee of the American Anti-Slavery Committee in 1839, an action that led conservatives (including Arthur and Lewis Tappan) to leave the organization and form the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.
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| Lydia Maria Child (1802-1880) | ||
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| Joseph Cinque | ||
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Imprisoned in New Haven, Conn., the captives were put on trial for mutiny and murder, but were ultimately freed when the Supreme Court ruled that their enslavement had violated international treaties. In 1842, Cinque returned to Sierra Leone, where he discovered that his wife and three children had been killed. He later became a missionary.
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| Lewis Clarke (1812-1897) | ||
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| Levi Coffin (1798-1877) | ||
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Picture credit: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAScoffin.htm
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| Samuel Cornish (1795-1858) | ||
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Picture credit: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAScornish.htm
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| Prudence Crandall | ||
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In 1832, Crandall, a Quaker schoolteacher in Canterbury, Conn., sparked a major controversy by admitting Sarah Harris, the daughter of a free black farmer, into her school. After white parents withdrew their students from the school, Crandall tried to turn the institution into a school for the education of free blacks. Hostile neighbors broke the school's windows, contaminated its well with manure, and denied students seats on stagecoaches and pews in church. In 1833, after the state made it a crime to teach black students who were not residents of Connecticut, state authorities arrested Crandall. She was tried twice, convicted, and jailed. After her release, a local mob attacked her school building with crowbars and attempted to burn the structure. It never reopened.
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The Abolitionists
Born
into slavery in Alabama in 1858, Burton published an autobiography,
Memories of Childhood's Slavery Days, in 1909.
After Congress passed the Fugitive
Slave Law in 1850, her family migrated to Canada, where she edited
the Provincial Freeman, an antislavery newspaper. In 1869 she
became the first female student at Howard University in Washington.
A reformer,
editor, and prolific writer, Child was one of the first American
women to support herself as a writer. She won acclaim for Hobomok
(1824), a romantic novel about love between an Indian brave and
a white maiden, and other historical romances. But her popularity
declined after she was converted to antislavery and attacked
laws prohibiting racial intermarriage.
The
leader of the Amistad rebels, Sengbe Pieh had been born in Sierra
Leone around 1815 and was kidnapped into slavery in 1839. While
he and other Africans were being transported from the Havana
and to the Cuban sugar fields, he led a rebellion on the schooner
Amistad and ordered two surviving whites to take them back to
Africa. The whites secretly sailed northwest at night and after
63 days at sea the ship was intercepted off the coast of Long
Island.
The
Kentucky-born Clarke escaped from slavery in 1841, reached Canada,
and published his Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke
in 1845.
A North
Carolina-born Quaker, Coffin later moved to Indiana where he
reportedly helped 3,000 slaves escape to freedom. His Reminiscences
(1876) helped disseminate the popular image of the Underground
Railroad as a carefully constructed line through which conductors
guided fugitives from slavery.
Pastor
of New York's African American Presbyterian church, the Delaware-born
Cornish founded (with John Russwurm) Freedom's Journal, the first
African American newspaper in New York, and later edited the
Colored American.