Where a shovel of earth is to be turned, or a bed of rock is to be blasted, there the Italian, unattached, migratory, contributes his share to the public welfare.

There were two main kinds of immigrants--permanent immigrants and migrant workers who never intended to settle permanently in the United States. Known as "birds of passage," these migrant workers, usually young men in their teens and 20s, arrived in the United States in the early Spring and worked until late Fall before returning to their homeland.

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